The migration crisis at the U.S.-Mexico border, which saw record numbers of migrants arriving in the United States during the Biden administration, has been significantly altered by the policies implemented under President Donald Trump’s second term. Upon taking office, President Trump wasted no time in signing executive orders that aimed to curb illegal immigration, undoing many of the border policies introduced by the Biden administration. These changes have led to a stark reversal in the flow of migrants from around the world who, once heading toward the U.S. under Biden’s more lenient policies, are now choosing to return home or abandon their plans to seek entry into the U.S.

Trump’s approach to immigration is one rooted in stricter enforcement, border security, and the reinforcement of policies that had already been effective in deterring illegal immigration during his first term. One of the first actions President Trump took was to reinstate the “Remain in Mexico” policy, a move that would force migrants seeking asylum to wait in Mexico while their applications were processed. This policy, among others, was scrapped under Biden’s administration but was brought back with force when Trump took office once again. The effects of this reversal were immediate, with a noticeable decline in illegal crossings as migrants, fearing deportation and the uncertainty of staying in Mexico, chose not to embark on the perilous journey to the U.S. border.

The difference in approach between Trump and Biden regarding the U.S. southern border couldn’t be more stark. Under Biden, a policy of “catch and release” was heavily criticized for allowing migrants to cross into the U.S. and await their hearings in court, often never returning for their scheduled appointments. Under Trump’s policies, however, migrants were immediately processed, and many were returned to Mexico or other countries, often under Title 42, which provided a public health rationale for deportations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This policy not only tightened control over the border but also acted as a deterrent for those planning to make the journey, as they were now facing the very real possibility of being turned back without entering the U.S. or even being detained.

For the thousands of individuals and families who had started their journeys under the Biden administration, this sudden change in enforcement measures caused significant disruption. As reported by Border Patrol Chief Mike Banks, many migrants are now reversing course due to these stricter enforcement efforts, citing the dangers of cartel-controlled areas and the significant uptick in security along the U.S.-Mexico border. The deterrence effect is real, and it shows that when enforcement is ramped up, migration patterns shift accordingly.

The Impact of Increased Border Security and Mexico’s Cooperation

The impact of Trump’s policies has not only been felt within the U.S., but also in neighboring Mexico. One of Trump’s most significant actions was his pressure on Mexico to tighten its own border security, threatening a 25% tariff on all goods imported from the country unless Mexico took immediate action. This demand led to the deployment of 10,000 Mexican troops to its southern border, drastically reducing the number of migrants who were able to cross into Mexico and eventually reach the U.S. southern border.

Mexico’s response to Trump’s demands was swift, marking a significant shift in the cooperation between the two countries on immigration. The deployment of troops to the southern border aimed to contain the flow of migrants through Mexico, curbing the numbers of those who were attempting to reach the U.S. border. This effort, combined with the enforcement of U.S. policies, effectively created a two-pronged approach to controlling immigration. The increase in troops and border security on both sides of the border sent a clear message to potential migrants: the path to the U.S. was now far more difficult and dangerous than it had been in the past.